Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay Example for Free

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 EssayThe Arab-Israeli War was an armed conflict initiated by the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria against Israel on October 6, 1973 in an effort to reclaim territories that Israel had controlled since the Six Day War of 1967. The date holds special significance to the Jewish calendar, being Yom Kippur, hence this war is also known as the Yom Kippur War. Though Israel was caught by surprise and experienced severe losses during the war, assistance from the United States military led to a cease-fire less than three weeks later. In the aftermath, Israel retained its territories and its aftermath had far ranging effects on the geopolitics of the Middle East. First, the victory of Israel had an uplifting effect on its population. Its military had been seen to have grown largely self-satisfied following the Six Day War. However, despite initial defeats, they managed a successful turnaround of the Yom Kippur Wars outcome. As such, despite the surprise advantage o f Egypt and Syria they had regained the velocity hand in less than two weeks, though at a high cost in casualties.In effect, Israel woke up to the reality that their military command in the region was not absolute. (Rabinovich 498) Second, by granting support to Israel, the United States invited the ire of oil-producing Arab states. This manifested itself in the actions of Saudi Arabia, which not only reduced its oil production plainly declared an embargo against the United States. Saudi Arabia was later joined by other oil-producing Arab states and together they extended their embargo against other import dependent nations in Western Europe as well as Japan.The result was the 1973 energy crisis that sent oil prices spiraling past $60 per barrel and close to $ hundred per barrel in 1979. (Smith 329) Third, on the geopolitical front, enemy states of Israel concluded in the aftermath that they could not defeat it by force, and thus turned towards diplomatic simulated military oper ation in antagonizing it. The effect was that many African and Third World nations, under pressure from the Arab states, broke their diplomatic ties to Israel. Works Cited No author. The 1973 Yom Kippur War. Anti-Defamation League, 1999.Retrieved September 24, 2008 from http//www. adl. org/ISRAEL/record/yomkippur. asp Smith, Charles. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York, NY Bedford, 2006. Rabinovich, Abraham. The Yom Kippur War The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle eAst. New York, NY Shocken Books, 2005. Rabinovich, Abraham 2005. The Yom Kippur War The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East. New York, NY Schocken Books. ISBN 0 8052 4176 0. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York Bedford, 2006, p. 329.

An analysis of Macbets struggle Essay Example for Free

An analysis of Macbets struggle EssayViolence, derivation and finish. The quintessential computer addressistics of war. Shakespeares Macbeth is based on a war, but not your ordinary one. The objective war in the play and the underlining factor leading to Macbeths death, is not fought on a battlefield, there are no swords, and no soldiers to swing them. The real war is fought in Macbeths mind. Macbeths scruples and vaulting ambition alternate in overlookling his actions throughout the play.Many critics of the play believe that from the first scene to the last, Macbeths character is unchanging, and that he is always governed by his greed, selfishness and evil. This is not so. Right from the outset of the story, Macbeths indecisiveness is evident. In act I, Macbeth struggles a great deal in deciding whether or not to murder the king and take his throne. When Macbeth is first given the prophecy that he will be king, he dreads the thought of killing a homosexual that has been like a father to him. This shows that Macbeth has a conscience, and that deep down inside, he is a good person. When he arrives home to his kingdom though, he is greeted by lady Macbeth who reveals her plan to make her husband King when she saysI will pour my spirits into thine ear,And chastise with the valor of my tongueAll that impedes thee from the golden round.(Iv, 24 26)Macbeths conscience tries to fight the constant attacks by his wife who insists that he should kill the king. Finally, Macbeth decides his fate, listens to the poisoned words of his wife and kills Duncan.Immediately after the death of Duncan, Macbeth is completely overcome by guilt. For the moment, he forgets about the now empty throne, and cant comprehend what or why he has done what he has done. When Lady Macbeth realizes that in a state of sloppiness he has forgotten to remove the daggers from the Kings room, she tells him to go back and get them. He replies bysaying Ill go no more./ I am aquaphobic to t hink what I have done. / Look ont again, I dare not (II ii, 50 52). This passage outlines the fact that once again, his conscience has taken over control of his mind. Macbeth feels horribly about what he has done to his King. When Macbeth tries to wash the blood from his hands he remarksWill all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood white from my hand? No, this my hand will ratherThe multitudinous seas incardine,Making the green one red(II ii, 60 63)Macbeth believes that what he has done will never be washed away from his conscience. He will always have the death of King Duncan hanging over his head.Unfortunately, this is the last we see of Macbeths conscience. Tormented over the likeliness of being unmasked as Duncans murderer, Macbeth continues his evil ways in an attempt to stay on the throne. His vaulting ambition has surfaced once more to overthrow any station of good left in him and he shows no more remorse for Duncans murder. Wanting to become safely king, Macbeth plots o ut the murder of one of his best friends Banquo, the save other person besides Macbeth and his wife, who is aware of the three witches and their prophecy. Again, this shows that his need to succeed in life is overshadowing his conscience. Macbeths last, and most evil deed is the slaying of Macduffs family.Macbeth puts innocent women and children to death in an attempt lure Macduff back to Scotland so he can have him murdered as well. At this point in the play, it seems as though Macbeth doesnt have a good bone in his body. The little voice of reason inside his head has been snuffed out, and he decides that the only way to be a good King is to make drastic and rash decisions. Macbeth unravels before our eyes and is finally beheaded by Macduff in revenge for the slaying of his family.The war amid Macbeths conscience and his vaulting ambition is not foughton a battle field but still had all the exemplary attributes of one that is. Violent acts were carried out, blood was shed, and pe ople died. The struggle going on In Macbeths head was finally over, his ambition the victor, and Macbeth himself the defeated. When the hurly-burly was done, the war in Macbeths mind was both lost and won.

Comparison of Marx and Hobbes

Comparison of Marx and HobbesContrast and compare the views of Marx and Hobbes as to the basis of law and order in society.Marx and Hobbes are great philosophers with pheno workforceal contribution to contendds the theory of gracious society resulting in the socialist revolution leading to socialism by Marx and the soil of nature and social contract by Hobbes. Although the two philosophers are clear in their avow theories, a comparative analysis of differences and similarities can be drawn based on the era they lived in and how this has influenced their doctrines which was then passed on to the approaching merciful society.The political philosopher Thomas Hobbes (15881679) was unmatchable of the first modern view theory which provided an insight into why a governments legitimate authority should be obeyed. The precept was based on genuine legitimacy derived from secular and material argument. Thomas Hobbes comes from the quantify of war, conflicts and m either historians s uggest that he was ruled by fear. This could have been a parameter to his view on human society. In his book titled Leviathan, Hobbes describes the press out of nature as the natural condition of human society which is a state of conflict and war. During this stage, a person is perceived to be rational egoist governed by appetites and emotions of hatred, pride, despair, etc. Furthermore the non-existence of government increases the inequality amongst highlighting the take away of a state wherefore everyone must be equal. This inequality, to Hobbes, entail that people can kill each other which lead to great suspicious of one another and to avoid risk man avoids human contact.The primary goal to men becomes the security to escape the state of nature. The perception was that it can only be achieved by dominating all other men but since all are equal this becomes the ambition for everyone and it leads to a deadlock situation. Nonetheless, at some agitate people will also agree to app oint a law-giver and law-enforcer i.e. they elect a sovereign and this is the moment of the social contract. The sovereign can be specify as a ruler with unconditional agent and unaccountable to the people he rules. However Hobbes argued that the freedom of speech and other rights belong in the state of nature, this censure is necessary to maintain order otherwise it will lead to conflict and a shift back to the state of nature. The social contract accordingly is a contract between the people not between the people and the ruler. So in order to maintain peace and security, men give up their freedom to the sovereign to achieve protection in return.In Hobbes view, the evolution of human society happens in two stages from the state of nature to civil society. When men decide to elect the sovereign they are no longer primitive beings but citizens of a civil society. Hobbes interpretation was that an absolutists rule with sovereign that cannot be judged or punished. Hence, according t o Hobbes there are only two possibilities for human society either to be in a state of nature characterized by war and conflict or get peace in the civil society ruled by an absolutist sovereign by giving up their freedom.The German philosopher Karl Marx (1818-1883), was a sociologist, economist, journalist, historian and revolutionary socialist. He contributed a great deal of theories in economic fields which later formed strong foundation of trustworthy knowledge of task and capital, and has impacted wide variety of successive economic thoughts.Marxs theory ab come in society, economic science and politics collectively known as Marxism belief that human societies progress through class and struggle. A conflict between an ownership class that controls production and a dispossessed labouring class that provides the labour for production. He called capitalism the dictatorship of the middle class, believing it to be run by the wealthy classes for their own personal benefit and he predicted that, like previous socioeconomic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system socialism. He argued that class antagonisms under capitalism between the bourgeoisie and proletariat would result in working class conquest of political power as a dictatorship of the proletariat and eventually establish a classless society, socialism or communism, a society governed by a free organisation of manufacturers. In parallel to believing the fact that socialism and communism were inevitable at that time, Marx actively fought for their implementation, arguing that social theorists and underprivileged people alike should carry out organised revolutionary action to rule out capitalism and introduce socio-economic change.Marx has been described as one of the most potent figures in human history. Revolutionary socialist governments adopting loss concepts formed existence and power in a variety of countries in the 20th century, leading to the formation of largest socialist states such as the Soviet Union in 1922 and the Peoples Republic of china in 1949. Many labour unions and workers parties worldwide are influenced by Marxism which also led to establishment of various theoretical deviations, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, and Maoism, which were developed as a result. Marx is typically referred along with Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.The fact that both philosophers comes from dissimilar times, governed by different events and situations, had great inspiration on their thoughts and their derivation on what the end state of society should be like. They have made their contribution to what human society currently has and will continue to evolve. They conclude that the evolution of humans into many forthcoming stages reflect advancing conditions for mankind in each others perspective.Hobbes commenced during the time of war and conflict, at which human beings basic requirement of security was deprived. Marx, who went through exploitative effects of capitalism on labour, in turn has a slender view on capitalism. However, he holds a very positive view of the future and also believes that the basic contradictions in the capitalist society would lead to its own collapse leading the way for revolution. He also assumes that the exploitation of labour would not exist in a communist society. The outcome of Marx stage theory is therefore a fair and very specific to the fact that the society is characterized by equality.Marxs and Hobbes difference was in their views of the social contract between human beings. Hobbes states that people will voluntarily abandon their rights of freedom to an independent ruler standing outside the contract. This is quite fundamental theory of the social contract as most would see the independent governor as also bound by the contract. This theory was further summarised that an absolutist ruler is necessary to keep men in admiration. Marx however, has been through the isolating effects of the capitalism and hence proposes a communist ideal of a communal society.One of the famous Hobbes statements about the state of nature was, Life is brutish, short and harsh, in the state of nature. Humans are constantly in competition for resources, whether its primary or secondary. They would reach any extent necessary to meet those needs. This sense of desperation to fulfil needs create insecurity within the human society. Hobbes wrote the book Leviathan, the word Leviathan means the top hat way of protecting citizens would be by appointing a government that is powerful and intimidating. Hobbes believed that life is not immoral, but immoral in a state of nature. So, by killing an individual in a state of nature would be the same as the letting them live. The rationale is that a government must mention laws and regulations in order to create a civilised society to result minimal crime. Regardless of these, Hobbes good works have been recognised as influential in shaping people and government with regards to a state of a civilised society.Hence, views of Hobbes and Marx had different path to reach to the same determination even though they had similar objectives of bringing improvement to the society. Hobbess Leviathan explains the good management of natural and civil laws, as it empowers people to make themselves the people of the society. On other side, Marx states history is economics in action.After analysing the differences and similarities of Karl Marx and Thomas Hobbes, we can gather that both philosophers settled on the notion of communism over individuality. Marx holds very calculative and measurable theories, as his theories are formed natural laws. Although, the differences between these theories are quite visible, their objectives and the message is the same which is the establishment and improvement of a civil society.Bibliograph yHobbes, T. (1968) Leviathan, Harmondsworth Pelican BooksRaphael, D. D. (1977) Hobbes- Morals and Politics, Alden Press OxfordBottomore, T. (1975) Marxist Sociology, The Anchor Press LtdSwingewood, A. (1975) Marx and Modern Social Theory, The Macmillan Press LtdRitzer, G. and Stepnisky, J. (2014) Sociological Theory, 9th edition, McGraw-Hill Education, page 43-75Biography- Thomas Hobbes Online Available at http//www.biography.com/people/thomas-hobbes-9340461 Accessed 10th January 2014The History Guide- Karl Marx Online Available at http//www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html Accessed 10th January 20141

Racism Prejudice Crash

Racism Prejudice CrashCrashThe movie Crash gives many suits of how racial discrimination and prejudice affect nearly everyones lives. . Racism and prejudice surround us. This movie follows wad of various races and social classes and details the encounters of these people with each other. It suggests that everyone has to deal with their suffer racism and prejudice, no head what their own race, class or ethnicity is. According to Sullivan, racism is the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are low-level and that practices involving their domination are therefore justified. Racism from multiple ethnic groups is illustrated many times in the movie Crash. Prejudice is an irrational attitude toward certain people based solely on their membership in a particular group, according to Sullivan. Prejudice is another main theme in the movie.The first example of racism and prejudice in Crash is the image played by Matt Dillon. At first glance, his character seems to be racist because of the way that he was raised by his parents. Dillon exhibited a close bond with his father and later, we discover the roots of his racism. I originally assumed that Dillon was absorbing external cues from his father regarding his attitudes towards minatory people. It turns out that his father was not racist towards relentless people. It was Dillon who, in combination with his fathers negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD, formed his own perceptions towards blacks. Dillons character looks down on every black person that he encounters, and even uses his power as a police officer to grope a black female in front of her husband, simply because he throne.One main example of racism and prejudice occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian family was attempting to leverage a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers. There were several references to the twin towers and planes. It didnt issue that the two were Persian, not Arab. A reoccurring theme was that post 9/11, all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people adopt the tycoon to interpret bad events and cast their own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their feeling of anger and frustration.Certain stereotypes have stood the test of time, no matter how many strides for racial equality have been made. Sandra Bullocks character made the statement about the relationship between whiten and black people If a white woman sees two black men walking towards her and turns the other way, shes a racist. Well I got scared and didnt say anything, and the next thing I knew, I had a gun shoved in my headPerhaps stereotypes like that have maintained their prevalence because there are so many people that bear on them. It is often believed that all young black men are destined to be thugs, criminals and drug dealers. As a young black man, it must be difficult to break free of that ster eotype.Things will never change. That attitude along with the perpetuation of existing stereotypes may be largely responsible for negative racial longevity. Ludacris character was one of the most interesting to me. Here was this articulate young black man that spent his life stealing cars from white people. Rap medication is the music of the oppressor, he said. It is often easier to blame others for your shortcomings than it is to confront them head on.On the reverse, trouble facing stereotypes can occur anywhere. They are not simply qualified to skin-tone and neighborhoods. Racial discrimination transpires through social class as well. This creates division within the same racial groups. In the film, Cameron was portrayed as a wealthy, black, television system actor. He achieved success as a hard working black man, but at what cost?Cameron faced scrutiny from both of his people, namely his wife and from his white producer. It was like a catch-22, if he wanted to be successful, h e needed to act like a white man. With that came two major problems. in force(p) because he had a good paying job, he failed to acknowledge that all the money in the world couldnt change the fact that he was, Indeed a black man. Look what happened with the LAPD, they did not care that he was a law abiding Buddhist, he was still black. With the success he had as an actor, it was also practical that he developed a complex, thinking he was entitled to white privileges. As a result of that theoretical complex, he faced a torrent of embarrassment, shame, frustration, and anger.We as a society have gotten so emotionally complicated that we have developed a prevalent selfishness and apathy towards understanding others. It is easier to label individual a gang-banger, because it dehumanized them. Snap judgments are often made because we have it all figured out. Everyone is lumped into his or her respective categories and we accept it because things are uncomplicated when everything is in a neat little package. Rather than taking the time to move past initial stereotypes and preconceived notions, we often get it completely premature.When Sandra Bullock, first axiom the Mexican locksmith, she made a snap judgment. He is a gang-banger because of his shaved head, prison tattoos and his pants around his ass. She determined that he was going to sell her residence keys to one of his homeys. Contrary to her analysis, he was a soft-spoken, sensitive family man. Bullocks discrimination at the beginning of the film could be interpreted as blatant but fair covert. She didnt anticipate that he would hear her comments and if she had, I assume she would have expressed herself in private to avoid the awkward social situation when he left. Regardless, it was wrong and hurtful.The Persian shopkeeper cast a similar first impression based solely on existing stereotypes. He made the false given that the Mexican locksmith was a member of some elaborate scheme to rip him off. The sh opkeepers brazen ignorance and inability to listen prevented him from hearing valuable information. If he had listened, he would have gotten a new door and thus prevented the vandalism. Neither Bullock nor the shopkeeper took the time to familiarize themselves with him and move past their own prejudices. To them, he was just evanescent by temporarily to fix the glitch of inconvenience that was disrupting their lives.It is easy to relate the movie Crash to the conflict perspective. According to Sullivan, the conflict perspective is based on the idea that society consists of different groups who struggle with one another to attain the scarce societal resources that are considered valuable, be they money, power, prestige, or the authority to impose ones value on society. This movie fits into this theory because there are many groups (blacks, whites, etc.) that are constantly struggling and belittling each other so that their group can be the one in power. It is this struggle that has created racism, prejudice and stereotypes.Until we as a society can publication the time to understand the roots of discrimination and take a good look at our own thought patterns, well never move forward. Films like Crash are forcing us to look outdoors are own lives and fears, to realize that were more alike than we think. Aside from the 2% genetic differences between us, we all have problems and internal struggles. Thats what makes us human.

Karl Rahner And The Anonymous Christian Theology Religion Essay

Karl Rahner And The Anonymous Christian Theology Religion EssayBefore we go into talking about Karl Rahners idea of the unnamed Christian, let me tell you a little bit about Karl Rahner himself. Most of my information about Karl Rahner comes from the Karl Rahner Society. When you get a chance, you should check out the website. There is a lot more information on there about his life and roughly of his works. Karl Rahner was born in Freiburg, Germany on March 5, 1904 and died in Innsbruck, Austria, March 30, 1984. In 1922, Rahner entered the Jesuit order and he was soon one of the most influential Roman Catholic theologians in the Vati spate II era. He wrote many essays that covered a broad range of topics. Most of these essays were on what concerned the Catholics from the 1940s to the 1980s. His essays provided many resources for both academic and pastoral theology.Karl Rahner was very popular in his native communicative countries. He became popular through his teaching, lectures, editorial labors and social station in learned societies. Rahner was published in international publications like Concilium and he had a large array of works. Rahner also enjoyed a positive reception of his contributions by many Protestant thinkers. After Rahners service as an official papal theological expert from 1960 to 1965, his incline became more evident.The term anon. Christian was thought up by Karl Rahner in an attempt to explain how non-Christians could still be saved by the Passion, destruction and Resurrection of Christ. To better understand how Rahner arrives at his concept of the anon. Christian, it is important to first understand the basis of Rahners ideas. Karl Rahner was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant and two contemporary Thomists, Joseph Marchal and capital of South Dakota Rousselot. Marchal and Rousselot were said to play a major role in the influence Rahners understanding of Thomas Aquinas.The basis of Rahners thoughts comes from his belief of graven images self-communication. Rahner says the self-communication of immortal is transcendent. It transcends all of the discernible means in history by which we hit known God, such as holy people, places, and things. He says we all know God when he communicates to us. God communicates by becoming immediate to us. We recognize God as a supporter, or someone who fills an emptiness when we need help because God hears our unconscious see and fills that emptiness. by dint of this communication God offers people forgiveness. This thinking process is what leads Karl Rahner to the idea of the anon. Christian.Rahners first two books were Spirit in the Word and Hearer of the Word. Through these books and in Rahners essays, it shows his way of thinking and believing. Rahner studys that God is in all things and he shows a deep devotion to Jesus and the Catholic doctrine.Rahner talks about the anonymous Christian in an interview provided to Rev. Norman Wong Cheong Sau in an article titled Kar l Rahners Concepts of the Anonymous Christian an Inclusivist View of Religions in this article, Rahner provided his mortalal definition of an anonymous ChristianWe prefer the terminology match to which a man is called anonymous Christian who on the one hand has de facto accepted of his freedom this gracious self-offering on Gods constituent through faith, intrust and love, while on the other he is absolutely not yet a Christian at the social level (through baptism and membership of the Church) or in the sense of having consciously objectified his Christianity to himself in his own mind (by explicit Christian faith resulting from having hearkened to the explicit message.) We might therefore, put it as follows the anonymous Christian in our sense of the term is the pagan after the beginning of the Christian mission, who lives in the state of Christs saving grace through faith, hope, and love, yet who has no explicit knowledge of the fact that his life is orientated in grace-give n salvation to Jesus Christ.In another interview with the State of Catholic Theology Today, Karl Rahner replys a skepticism about his anonymous Christian idea.Interviewer Tell us something about your ideas on what you call anonymous Christianity.Rahner Anonymous Christianity means that a somebody lives in the grace of God and attains salvation outside of explicitly constituted Christianity Let us say, a Buddhist monk who, because he follows his conscience, attains salvation and lives in the grace of God of him I must say that he is an anonymous Christian if not, I would have to presuppose that there is a genuine path to salvation that authentically attains that goal, but that simply has nothing to do with Jesus Christ. But I cannot do that. And so, if I hold if everyone depends upon Jesus Christ for salvation, and if at the same era I hold that many live in the world who have not expressly recognized Jesus Christ, then there remains in my opinion nothing else but to take up this postulate of an anonymous Christianity.A non-anonymous Christian is someone who has accepted Christ into their lives. Someone who lives with the grace of Gods grace, love, hope and understanding. A person who declares themselves a Christian is someone who has been baptized and lives by Gods laws. Rahner basis his belief in the anonymous Christian as someone who lives a Christian lifestyle, but has not yet declared himself a true Christian.According to Rahner, to declare yourself a true Christian, you must be baptized, attend mass, and crave in the traditional standard way. A true Christian should live in a Christ like manner and follow Gods laws. This type of person declares themselves a Christian in every way possible the way they talk, the way they pray, and their absolution from original sin. Think of Mother Teresa, she would be a keen example of a declared Christian. She followed Gods words and teachings and accepted Jesus in her life. Rahner accepts the idea that there is mo re than one way to reach God. He says through Jesus is only but one way. Gandi can be an example of an anonymous Christian. Although, he did not call himself a Christian by name, he lived in a Christ like manner. Gandhi followed his religion faithfully and lived by Gods laws.On page 75 of the Rahner Reader there is a quote that describes how Gandhi could be called an anonymous Christian, The mind of even the anonymous Christian is raised to the supernatural order by the grace of Christ, philosophy is not purely secular activity. The crush of modern philosophy should be considered the self-reflection of a mind to which God has revealed himself implicitly through his grace. Through Gandhis self-awareness and through his though process, he has Christian like beliefs. though Gandhi is not a declared Christian, he would be considered an anonymous Christian because his lifestyle and beliefs brought him into the grace of God.Can just anyone become an anonymous Christian The answer is yes, but the answer to this question is also based on a persons beliefs, their way of thinking, and their supernatural salvation. God denies no man. Gods grace is open to all men, according to Rahner. Jesus Christ died on the cross for all mens salvation. Even the ones who dont realize it will still be saved. This must mean that the non-Christians who end up in heaven must have received the grace of Christ without their realizing it. Again, this is where we get the term, Anonymous Christian.This idea and thinking can cause some mind-boggling issues. Upon doing my query on this subject on the internet, I came across some other peoples point of view on the subject. The main question that really stood out to me was If I am going to be saved anyway, then why should I convert to Christianity? While this is a good question and made me do some further research. When you take a minute and actually think about the question at hand, it is a horrible way for someone to think. Yes, you will in al l likelihood get into heaven anyway because Jesus already died on the cross for our sins, but wouldnt you want to convert to Christianity to give yourself an even better chance of getting into heaven And there again, it all depends on the person and their personal beliefs.The Catholic Church believes that, although Christ is the Savior of the human race, a person does not have to know him personally to be saved. I think Rahner is just trying to get that message across to people through his works and his idea of the anonymous Christian. Salvation can only come through Christ, but God makes offers of salvation to non-Christians through their culture and own religion. Those who accept this offer are these anonymous Christians. Rahner says that even though they are not aware of Christ, they are saved by accepting Gods supernatural offer of grace through Christ.I can believe in this. If someone shows that they are a good person and does good things for themselves and other people (Think back to Gandhi and Mother Teresa) then I believe they will get into heaven regardless of their religion. I believe this because God sees that they are good people and that they have accepted Gods grace (knowingly or un-knowingly) into their lives. A persons actions determine whether or no they are worthy of Gods grace. The world is full of anonymous Christians. Some are people we walk by every day.In a summary, the term anonymous Christian to Karl Rahner could refer to a person who believes in the teachings of Jesus Christ, but is also someone who is not associated with any nonionized religion. Anonymous Christian could also be a term used for someone who does not wish to reveal their religious identity. Basically Karl Rahner is keeping to the Catholic religion in his belief that ALL people have a chance to be saved because Christ is the Savior of the human race. A person does not have to know Him personally to be saved. Rahner also insists that people should not give up on all mi ssionary efforts. A persons chances at salvation are better if that person has an understanding of the Christian offer of grace.

The Human Brain Vs. The Computer :: essays research papers

The Human Brain vs. the ComputerOver the millennia, Man has come up with countless inventions, each more happy than the last. However, only now, as the figurer arises thatmankinds sentience itself is threatened. Ridiculous, some may cry, but I saylook about you The computer has already begun to hold dangle over so many of thevital functions that man has prided himself upon before. Our lives are nowdependent upon the computer and what it tells you. Even now, I type this essayupon a computer, fully trusting that it will produce a result far superior towhat I can manage with my own to hands and little else.It has been commonly express that the computer can never replace the benignantbrain, for it is mankind that created them. Is this a good reason why thecomputer must be inferior to humans? Is it always true that the object cannotsurpass its creator? How can this be true? Even if we just focus on a single instauration of man, say the subject of this essay, the computer, there are manyways in which the computer has the edge over man. Let us start with basiccalculation. The computer has the capability to evaluate problems that man canhardly even imagine, let alone approach. Even if a man can calculate the sameproblems as a computer, the computer can do it far faster than he can possiblyachieve. Let us go one step further. label this man can calculate as fast as acomputer, can he, as the computer can, achieve a 100% rate of trueness in hiscalculation? Why do we now go over the human data entry into a computer when amistake is sight instead of checking the computer? It is because computersnow possess the ability to hold no error in its operation, where mankind has notadvanced in this area in any noticeable margin. Why do you think the wordshuman error and to err is human have become so popular in recent years? Itis because the failings of the human race are becoming more and more exposed asthe computer advances and becomes more and more omnipotent.Perhaps the computer is not truly a competitor with the human brain butrather its ideal. After all, the computer is far superior to the human brain inthose aspects where the brain is weakest. It is perhaps the campaign of thehuman brain to attain perfection after realising its own weaknesses. If youthink about it carefully, do those who use the computer not use it supplement

Selling Your Used Car Essay -- essays research papers fc

Process EssayThesis The majority of the American state has very little, or no understanding of the used railcar trade. A bargon(a) understanding on when and where to sell, how to get your car ready, writing a classified ad, negotiating, and making a contract.With consumer exact rising and supply constrained by some(prenominal) factors, including the t supplantency of new-car owners to hang on to them longer, prices for used vehicles have been climbing steadily. According to one recent study, nearly three times as many shoppers outright want to buy a used, rather than a new, vehicle. (Dalglish)In trying to find the perfect buyer, your options include new-car dealers, used-car dealers, and friends and strangers. New-car dealers be generally eager and ready to buy. They are incredibly picky well-nigh every aspect of a cars condition. New-car dealers will be choosy about the make and model, preferring newer models in relatively good condition.(Makower) They will pay a relatively low price for the car. Used-car dealers are also eager to buy and incredibly picky about every aspect of a cars condition. But they arent very choosy about the cars they buy. However, they will pay a rock-bottom price for the car. Friends and strangers are usually eager and ready to buy. They will be much less picky, and rely more on your word for information. They will be choosy about the car, but will already be interested in the car through your ad. You will get the best price, through negotiations, but you have to serve harder. The best time to sell is in the springtime when the weather turns nice. Other good times are in September when kids are going dark to college and in the dead of winter, when there is no competition.It is possible to turn the average used-car into a saleable commodity in just a few hours. You should embellish up your car, regardless of the condition you normally keep it in. You want to make it clean, neat, and even smelling nice. You must do this to th e entire car, inside and out, from one end to the other. Most car buyers understand that appearance is a good indicator of how well someone treated the car overall. Nine important steps to guard are washing and waxing, painting and touching up, cleaning your tires, a thorough cleaning of the interior, gather all the important documents, steam... ...importantly, make copies of everything you sign. The bill of sale is the staple fiber car-buying document that records the transaction. The following should be included the date of the sale, year and make and model of the car, state registration, VIN number, odometer reading, amount sale is for, extra conditions, and the buyers and sellers names and addresses and phone numbers. Make sure that each party gets a copy of the bill of sale.A large percentage of the population uses the automobile regularly. The majority of the population, over 90%, has little or no understanding of the car buying art. (Robertson) Many people feel that sellin g their car themselves can be a real hassle. But, if you can realize that you will get several hundred dollars more than what a dealer might pass you, it just may be worth a little effort and time on your part.Works CitedDalglish, Brenda. Better Than New used-car prices jump as consumer demand grows.Macleans 10 Jul. 1995 22-24Makower, Joel. How to Sell a Used Car. New York Perigee Books, 1988.Robertson, C.B. How to Deal on an Automobile. Lyons Blue Mountain Publisher, 1988.