Steve Jobs - 1801 Words

Steve Jobs Born 1955 Los Altos CA; Evangelic bad boy who, with Steve Wozniak, co-founded Apple Computer Corporation and became a multimillionaire before the age of 30. Subsequently started the NeXT Corporation to provide an educational system at a reasonable price, but found that software was a better seller than hardware. Steven Paul, was an orphan adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs of Mountain View, California in February 1955. Jobs was not happy at school in Mountain View so the family moved to Los Altos, California, where Steven attended Homestead High School. His electronics teacher at Homestead High, Hohn McCollum, recalled he was something of a loner and always had a different way of looking at things. Going to work for Atari†¦show more content†¦Jobs encouraged independent programmers to invent applications for Apple II. The result was a library of some 16,000 software programs. Quickly setting the standard in personal computers, the Apple II had earnings of $139,000,000 within three years, a growth of 700 percent. Impressed with that growth, and a trend indicating an additional worth of 35 to 40 percent, the cautious underwriting firm of Hambrecht Quist in cooperation with Wall Streets prestigious Morgan Stanley, Inc., took Apple public in 1980. The underwriters price of $22 per share went up to $29 the first day of trading, bringing the market value of Apple to $1.2 billion. In 1982 Apple had sales of $583,000,000 up 74 percent from 1981. Its net earnings were $1.06 a share, up 55 percent, and as of December 1982, the companys stock was selling for approximately $30 a share. Over the past seven years of Apples creation, Jobs had created a strong productive company with a growth curve like a straight line North with no serious competitors. From 1978 to 1983, its compound growth rate was over 150% a year. Then IBM muscled into the personal computer business. Two years after introducing its PC, IBM passed Apple in dollar sales of the machines. IBMs dominance had made its operating system an industry standard which was not compatible with Apples products. Jobs knew in order to compete with IBM, he would have to make the Apple compatibleShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs1401 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs Jade Alexie Scott-Barria Ms.Fama September24, 2012 Timeline (February 24 1955 – October 5 2011) February 24, 1955 - Steven Paul was born in San Francisco. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. Summer 1968 – When Steve Jobs was 13-years-oldRead MoreSteve Jobs1713 Words   |  7 PagesMarina Szabo Professor Dana Kerrigan English 15 March 19,2012 Steve Jobs Everyone is unique on this plant. We share the air and shine to live but we all do things in our own ways. Some people don’t do anything with their lives and others do great things with theirs. One particular person that has done great things with his life is Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs wasn’t some original person, he was a creative, crazy, rebellion, and over all a life changing person that wanted to make a differenceRead MoreSteve Jobs1385 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, Steve Jobs is one of the successful leaders that managed to achieve great success for an organization. Therefore, Steve Jobs is the leader that I personally admire and would like to emulate. According to Gallo (2011, p. 4), Jobs was named the best-performing CEO in the world by the Harvard Business Review. Jobs was given the title as he delivered â€Å"a whopping 3188% industry adjusted return (34% compounded annually) after he rejoined Apple.†(Gallo 2011, p.4). The key traits that made Jobs anRead MoreSteve Jobs1617 Words   |  7 Pagesrole is the leadership styles of various leaders in the mobile industry. This paper discusses and analyses the leadership style of Steve Jobs at Apple Incl. Apple is known for high innovation and employee satisfaction. The company is main contributor to the design aspect of the modern computer and smart-phone industry. The main contributor to the same is Steve Jobs. Steve through transformational leadership and through people oriented attitude created the Apple Inc. The company is known for simplicityRead MoreSteve Benefits Of Steve Jobs1254 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs Steve was born on February 4, 1955 in San Francisco, California. His biological parents were Joanne Schieble and Abdulfallah (John) Jandali. His father was a professor of political science and his mother was a speech therapist. However, he was unable to find out who his real parents were, until the age of 27 years old. These two people put Steve up for adoption and to use his own words, â€Å"abandoned him.† Carla and Paul Jobs stepped forward and adopted him when he was a baby,Read MoreSteve Wozniak And Steve Jobs1273 Words   |  6 PagesApple Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs created Apple with very little money and a whole lot of determination. The two men had met while working at Hewlett Packard over the summer break when Jobs was in high school, Wozniak in college. In order to gain capital to get the company started, Jobs sold his van for $1500, and Wozniak sold his financial calculator for $250. Jobs who was part owner of a farm came up with the name. Apple Computers were incorporated in 1977. By 1980, the company was a publiclyRead MoreSteve Jobs Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world, are the ones who do (Moncur 1).† This statement by Steve Jobs is what I believe drove him to his success. Jobs had a very successful life and impacted many people around the globe. He led the way of how computers are used and accessed today. To fully understand and appreciate Steve Job’s work, a person has to first understand his background, how he developed his projects, and the lasting impact it had on the world. Steve Jobs wasn’t always a computer whiz; he developed it over the courseRead MoreThe Speech Of Steve Jobs1050 Words   |  5 Pages† by Jimmy Valvano and â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love,† by Steve Jobs. Each and every one of these speeches was written by men who were challenged to make difficult decisions in their lives which would inadvertently affect their future in one way or another. The most current speech of the four is Steve Jobs’ â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love.† His speech targets college graduates of the 21st century. After I read Steve Jobs’ speech, I understood the power of his words. At the beginningRead MoreThe Work Of Steve Jobs1631 Words   |  7 Pages Steve Jobs, though mostly known for being the co-founder and CEO of Apple, was also the founder of another computer software company called NeXT, as well as the man who brought Pixar, a computer based production company, into light. Mainly through Apple, Steve revolutionized the way society manipulates technology. If you have seen Pixar produced films, such as â€Å"Toy Story† or â€Å"Monsters, Inc.†, Jobs had a direct impact on those films. Steven Paul Jobs was undoubtedly the most significant person inRead MoreSteve Jobs Leadership3274 Words   |  14 Pagescover page, instructions and references): 2748 Steve Jobs is the CEO at Apple. Jobs founded Apple in 1976, and the company has developed into a major force within the electronics industry. Much of the success of the company has been due to the leadership of Steve Jobs. He has the personal attributes which are needed in order to be a successful leader, for example he is smart, communicative and is a great co-ordinator. However, there are limitations to Jobs leadership at Apple with factors such as shareholders

Gender and Power by Raewyn Connell Scholarship Essay

Essays on Gender and Power by Raewyn Connell Scholarship Essay The paper "Gender and Power by Raewyn Connell" is a great example of an essay on literature. I was really shocked when I viewed these photos for the first time because I have not seen such pictures of men before. These photos typically contradict with nature because men are considered as a symbol of power and strength in the society, while the photo album shows an opposite aspect of the picture. Here in these photos, all the men were placed in â€Å"pin-up girl† poses, which was absolutely opposite to the role and position of men in society. Women are by nature weak and attractive, therefore in such poses, they look attractive and sexy. However, men are not supposed to possess such qualities and if they are captured even in such poses, it will make no sense rather they will be perceived as a funny thing by the audience.   These paragraphs explain the relationship between gender and power in society. It says that how the norms and culture of a society affect the role of opposite sexes and how it shapes the extent of power that can be exercised by each gender. Research shows that from the ancient societies of the present world, it has been clear that Men are always considered as a symbol of power (Connell). They have the responsibility to look after their families and arrange a suitable life standard for them. Men are not only physically strong, but they also possess a strong and intelligent mind level, which is the only reason that the majority of the rulers of the world are men. Whereas, women, on the other hand, are considered as weak and dependable part of the society and they are supposed to exercise their duties within the prescribed limits. Though in modern societies, people consider men and women on the same footings, it’s a universal fact that women are by birth weak and dependable as co mpared to men.

Quiet Odyssey by Mary Paik Lee. free essay sample

America, sometimes even causing some of the initial Korean presence in the States. Lees story reveals some of the obscure aspects of Korean history that otherwise may be more difficult to excavate. It also depicts the racial discrimination severely rampant during this time, and how Asian Americans worked to better their position in American society despite this obstacle. Asian Americans in Mary Pack Lees Quiet Odyssey brutally experienced the effects of poverty, degradation, colonialism, and racial discrimination, as reflected In Lees accounts of personal experience and AslantAmerican Cultures 101 of the university of Washington. Asian Americans, including Lee and her family, were constantly harassed by poverty and degradation, which eventually led to health deterioration. Even when Asians came equipped with some level of educationsuch as Lees father, who had studied to be a ministerthey usually had to resort to farming and produce stands, the kinds of degrading jobs reserved specifically for Asian in America, which also included small groceries, tobacco shops, chop sues Joints, dry-cleaning and pressing shops, and laundries. We will write a custom essay sample on Quiet Odyssey by Mary Paik Lee. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These Jobs required long and difficult work days only amounting to minimal Income, which made Lees familys mall goal to earn enough money to buy food to feed all of [her family] (p. 46). Every member of the family needed to contribute to this goalto her parents embarrassment, even Lees one-dollar-a-week wages were needed to feed the family (p. Bib and her brother Menus dreams of going to high school are shattered by his obligation to support the family. Soda and ice cream are considered luxury items (p. 8), and Lees first experience with a toothbrush and toothpaste only comes after marriage. Health conditions due to malnutrition were common because of the lack of food with the exception of all things Unfit for human consumption (p. 16). She meets the end of [her] hopes for a high school diploma (p. 58) when she is told to stay out of school for two years as a result of severe malnutrition. She was not the only one to experience these kinds of poor health conditions.Many Asian Americans took on physically demanding Jobs that worked them much over their physical tolerance level because they had to feed their families, having no other choice in a society so Anti-Asian. However, Korean Americans had less of a choice than other Asian Americans due to domineering powers back home. Lee and other Korean Americans lives are further emotionally complicated by the effects of Japanese colonialism back in their homeland. The Pack familys initial 1 OFF Japanese soldiers. This meant the beginning of their tough life in America. Over the years, stories of ruthless persecution in Korea traveled by word of mouth and letters from escapees in China. Lee and her family experience great emotional pain when they hear about the March First Movement in 1919, or, the Manses Uprising, through which their relatives are accused of influencing their pupils to rebel and are persecuted. The Pack family back in Korea constantly writes to Lees father for financial assistance, which was needed as a result of economic hardship caused by Japanese oppression.Many Korean American families did their best to send financial aid to Korea, to assist their families in need and to help liberate their homeland. This meant extra financial burdens for Koreans in America, added on top of the already- present financial responsibilities. As for the emotional discontent they faced, they loud do nothing else but to carry on (p. 61). The mental discomfort Lee and her family lives with caused by their knowledge of the status quo is uncomfortable, but at the same time, portrays the events that otherwise would not be as widely known.Because Japan tried not to let the rest of the world grasp too much knowledge about Korean persecution by heavily censoring letters and torturing Koreans to the point of near death but not complete death to ease the callous picture, autobiographies such as Quiet Odyssey are good sources of what really went on. The obscure accounts of he persecuted are incorporated into Lees story, recounting the gruesome tragedy in Korea with no embellishments. However, as Korean Americans were battling colonialism overseas, they and other Asian Americans were battling a bigger opposition in America.The largest conflict Asian Americans suffered from in nineteenth and twentieth- century America was between racial discrimination and the desire for acceptance, which is also the most frequently encountered aspect in Lees story. Asian Americans were excluded solely because of prejudice; because of their physical appearance, not heir actions. They were forced to be cautious of even the most innocent activity, such as using the restrooms, solely because of the color of their skin.

The Prince Essays (1142 words) - Italian Politicians,

The Prince ?All the states, all the dominions, under whose authority men have lived in the past and live now have been and are either republics or principalities.? In Machiavelli's, The Prince, timeless keys to a successful principality are examined. The keys are understanding human nature, respecting that nature, and reaffirming that successful leadership can exist in the same fashion yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Machiavelli's perspective of human nature is founded on the principle that people in general don't want their culture changed by an outside influence. Machiavelli demonstrates in the book that the nature of people is to defend who they are. When ?the prince? attempts to change their culture in any way the subjects will do any number of things to crush this attempt or even change the leadership. If a prince uses force to try to change people this will lead to hostility, because as Machiavellis says, ?they remain, defeated, in their own homes.? This underlying fact will lead to a rebellion of some sort. One way this rebellion can happen is when a powerful foreigner invades the principality. The now ?defeated? people will join this powerful foreigner, in hopes that their culture will now be respected, to dethrone the prince. When the prince tries to use force to control the people it only creates enemies. Machiavelli explains this aspect of human nature when he writes, ?he harms the whole state by billeting his army in different parts of the country, everyone suffers from this annoyance, and everybody is turned into an enemy.? On the contrast if a prince allows the people to keep their customs Machiavelli states that the people will remain content when he writes, ?For the rest, so long as their old ways of life are undisturbed and there is no divergence in customs, men live quietly.? Another natural tendency of people comes with freedom. Once they have had a taste of freedom, they virtually cannot live without it. This feeling of control over one's life is a quality that once molded is nearly impossible to reshape. Machiavelli asserts this idea when he writes, ?a city used to freedom can be more easily ruled through its own citizens...than in any other way.? The same tendency lies in the control that the prince gains over the people in the principality. Once the prince has control he finds that giving up control to be extremely difficult. That is why ideally a prince would posses a number of qualities to find success as a leader. Only through an understanding of the nature of his subjects, having an ability to control his subjects, and possessing the means to defend his subjects can ?the prince? truly find the universal key to open the door to upholding the ideals of practical leadership. When a prince understands the nature of the people it is easier for him to enter the land. Machiavelli writes of the Romans and how they developed their empire, ?the Aetolians once brought the Romans into Greece; and in every other country they invaded, the Romans were brought in by the inhabitants.? Because the Romans understood human nature their movement into power was unchallenged. Once in power it is essential for the prince to be able to control the people. ?I say that a prince must want to have a reputation for compassion rather than cruelty: none the less, he must be careful that he does not make bad use of compassion.? When Machiavelli wrote this he was outlining the key to controlling the people. The prince needs to be able to keep the people united, and loyal to him and at the same time ensure respect for the laws by instilling a fear for punishment. One of Machiavelli's most used examples of a successful prince is Cesare Borgia. It is essential to be feared not hated and in the case of Borgia his minister Remirro de Orco punished law breakers in a cruel fashion that led to people hating Borgia. To create a feeling of fear for punishment rather than hatred for the prince Borgia decided to punish his minister for all to see. ?One morning, Remirro's body was found cut in two pieces on the piazza at Cesena, with a block of wood and a bloody knife beside it. The brutality of this specticle kept the people of the Romagna at once appeased.? Finally, once control has been established the prince is now obligated to defend the people. This

Vision, its malfunctions ; diagnostic methods Essay Example

Vision, its malfunctions ; diagnostic methods Essay Example Vision, its malfunctions ; diagnostic methods Essay Vision, its malfunctions ; diagnostic methods Essay 1.0 Preface This essay is on vision, its malfunctions diagnostics methods. The content included is concordant with the criteria listed on the specification of the institute of biophysics at 2nd Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Additional acknowledgements are mentioned under the reference section. 1.1 Visual acuity and its measurement Visual acuity is the measurement of the ability to discriminate two stimuli separated in space at high contrast relative to the background1; it is a quantitative measure of the ability to identify black symbols on a white background at a standardized distance as the size of the symbols is varied. It happens to be the most common clinical measurement of visual function. Visual acuity is typically measured using optotype chart for close and distant vision (snellen test). The eye which is not under test is occluded by means of instructing the subject to place an obstacle, for example a hand in front of the eye. This prevents intentional peeking, which would adversely affect the validity of the examination results. A variety of charts convenient for the patient are used, particularly in cases where a subject is unable to read the alphabet. In such cases the Tumbling E chart may be used, where the perceived letter, capital E is facing a different direction. Subsequently the subject is then required to determine the direction of the letter. (For further details read on below) 1.2 Basic geometrical defects of the eye optical system and their correction Namely, there are three basic types of defects of the optical system. These are Myopia (nearsightedness), Hyperopia (farsightedness) and Astigmatism (inappropriate path of light rays to the eye). Myopia and hyperopia are termed spherical disorders as both can be corrected with spherical lens. Astigmatism on the other hand is an aspherical disorder as it is corrected with cylindrical lenses1. Myopia influences the ability to see distant objects, in which the object is perceived as blurry. This is because the object is not focused directly on the retina, but in front of it. A clinical explanation for this may be that the eyeball is longer in length or the refractive power of the lens is immensely strong. Correction of this defect is achieved by wearing concave lenses which help to focus the object being viewed onto the retina. Fig 1 Compensating for myopia using a corrective lens. Hyperopia is the opposite of myopia, in which distant vision is intact but problems only arise when viewing things at close proximities. In this case the object being viewed is focused somewhat behind the retina rather than upon it. A clinical explanation for this may be that the eyeball is shorter in length or the refractive power of the lens is too weak. Correction is achieved by wearing convex lenses which focus the object being viewed onto the retina. Fig 2 Restoring of vision with convex lens Astigmatism is a defect of the eye in which light rays are localized at different regions of the retina rather than being localized on a single focal point of the retina. Strictly speaking, there are two forms of astigmatism. The first is a third-order aberration, which occurs for objects (or parts of objects) away from the optical axis. The second form of astigmatism occurs when the optical system is not symmetric about the optical axis. Problems persist when viewing lines placed at differing angles and the lines running in one direction appear sharp, whilst those in other directions appear blurred. Correction is achieved by wearing cylindrical lenses, which are placed in the out-of-focus axis. Fig 3 Showing the faint lines viewed by a person with astigmatism 1.3 Objective subjective methods for measuring eye refractive power Commonly employed methods to assess optical power are among subjective methods, although in the recent years objective strategies (e.g. nerve fiber analyzers) have been implemented which, however do not rely on patient responses. Optical power is adversely affected by glaucoma, a major risk factor for vision loss, caused by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Fiber analyzers are used to measure physical thickness of nerve fibers in the retina. As fiber layer thickness is a measure of glaucoma progression, thin thickness concludes the onset of glaucoma and thus impaired vision. Subjective methods include the Snellen Chart Test, in which the optotype is placed twenty feet (6 meters) away from the subject. Some individuals may well wear spectacles in which case the examination is performed with the subject wearing them. The eye which is adversely impaired out of the two is examined first. Usually the examination commences by using large optotypes followed by the smaller ones. The subject is then prompted to recite the letters (or symbols) visible to them. This procedure is then repeated for the other eye. Normally read at 60 metres. Normally read at 36 metres. Normally read at 18 metres. Normally read at 12 metres. Normally read at 9 metres. Normally read at 6 metres. Normally read at 5 metres. Normally read at 4 metres. Fig 4 Showing distances at which letters can be read The results from the snellen test are processed and denoted as fractions. For example 6/18 means that the third line down can be read from 6 meters away; 6/6 or 6/5 is considered to be normal distance vision. If no lines can be read from 6 meters then shorter distances are tried. For example, 3/36 means that the second line can be read from a distance of 3 meters away; 2/60 means that the top line can be read from 2 meters away1 (If the top letter cannot be read even with prescription lens or glasses then the subject is considered to be legally blind). Alternatively a Lea test aimed at pre-school children may be used. In this case the optotypes denote an edible fruit (e.g. an apple). The Tumbling E chart (see visual acuity and its measurement) may also be used. In both cases the same principle applies as with the Snellen test. Indirect subjective methods to access optical power include intraocular pressure (see below). 1.4 Intraocular Pressure its measurements As the name suggests, intraocular pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid inside the eye. Fluid secretion may be triggered by genetic factors, side effects of medication, the inflammation of the eye or simply, during exercise. Normal intraocular pressure lies between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. In spite of the optic nerve and visual field being intact, when the intraocular pressure is greater than normal, the condition is termed Ocular Hypertension. Ocular Hypertension is usually correlated with the increased incidence of glaucoma. When the intraocular pressure falls below the critical value (5 mmHg) the condition is termed Ocular Hypotony. Intraocular pressure is typically measured by using a tonometer. Often eye drops are given to alleviate any pain. The procedure involves applying a dye (florescein) to the eye. This eases the examiners ability to see the cornea. The subject is then asked to stare at a bright-lighted slit lamp. The tonometer probe is then made to touch the eye and subsequently the examiner notes down the tension dial which measures the intraocular pressure. 1.5 Color perception and its malfunctions The trichromatic theory proposed by Young 1802, claims that any colour can be produced by a mixture of red, green and blue light. This infers that there only needs to be three types of cones red (erythrolabes), blue (cyanolabes) and green (chlorolabes), with each maximally sensitive to one type of color. The cones respond to different degrees when exposed to light, with the brain synthesising this information to produce all other colors1. Malfunctions of color perception include monochromacy, dichromacy, anomalous trichromacy and achromatopsia Monochromacy, caused by the absence of two of the three cones, is the inability to distinguish between colors. Thus color vision is reduced to one dimension. There are two forms, rod and cone monochromacy respectively. Rod monochromacy, associated with light sensitivity (photophobia) is the absence or malfunction of the retinal cones. As a result the ability to distinguish colors is impaired. Cone monochromacy refers to color blindness which is accompanied by relatively normal vision. Dichromacy constitutes the absence or malfunctioning of one of the three cones, thus limiting vision to two dimensions. It may be passed on to the offspring genetically (i.e. sex linked), in particular having a predilection in the male population. As with monochromacy, this defect comprises two forms, protanopia (a congenital sex linked color vision defect caused by the absence of the red retinal photoreceptors) and deuteranopia (red-green color blindness resulting from the loss of function of medium wavelength cones or M-cones) Anomalous trichromacy is a congenital color vision deficiency, referring to the relatively low quantity of one of the three types of cone photo-pigments. The condition is thought to occur when one of the three cone pigments are altered, but trichromacy or normal three dimensional color vision is not fully impaired. Achromatopsia is congenital or inherited deficiency of color perception. It is caused by the absence of cone cells or severe defect in those initially present. Individuals with this condition typically perceive the world as being gray, black and white2. 1.6 Binocular 3D Vision Binocular vision yields a wider scope of vision. Most objects in our visual world have texture. The acquisition of two eyes (binocular vision) as oppose to one (monocular vision) makes the grain of texture appear finer as we move from one region to another. This gives binocular summation, in which the ability to detect faint objects is enhanced. The perception of depth is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions1. Binocular disparity arises as each eye has a slightly different perspective of the object being viewed2. Therefore the closer the object, the more disparate the image. Thus binocular disparity is used as a binocular depth cue. Other binocular depth cues include stereopsist (the process in visual perception leading to perception of the depth or distance of objects)3 and binocular convergence (the simultaneous inward movement of both eyes toward each other, usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision when viewing an object) 4. Because of binocular disparity, light entering one eye can alter papillary diameter in the other closed eye upon opening. It may also affect the process of accommodation (focusing of the eye) as the accommodation of the closed eye, upon opening, will inevitably be equal to that of the first eye. Fig 5 3D processing of the brain The picture on the previous page contains two images of a chair, one red and one blue, from two slightly different angles. When wearing two different lenses, one lens will filter out the blue color and the other the red color. The result is each eye is only receiving one of the two images on the page. Just as if you were looking at a real chair from two different angles, the brain forms these images into one three-dimensional image (hence the term binocular 3D vision arises). 1.7 Devices for night vision Night vision devices are best appreciated by deciding what you intend to use them for. Of the numerous devices available, night glasses are typical preferred amongst others, possibly because of their primitive outlook. Their large lenses can accumulate light and subsequently project it through the exit pupil of 7nm or more, and into the individuals eye, thus enhancing vision in hours of darkness. Thermal vision is a fairly modern exploitation of science in which a device (e.g. security camera equipment) constructs an image in response to microwaves or sound waves, which are transmitted from the source. Thermal vision devices are generally not considered to be night vision devices as they construct images with mechanisms substantially different from the methods used to sense visible light. Amplification of visible light from an image can be achieved by making use of an image intensifier. This allows the image to be viewed by the naked eye.

Brown Recluse Spider,What You Should Know

Brown Recluse Spider,What You Should Know The brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, has a bad and largely undeserved reputation. Across the U.S., people fear the bite of this spider, believing it is an aggressive attacker and certain to cause devastating necrotic wounds. Research on brown recluse spiders has proven these assertions to be false. Description The best-known feature of the brown recluse spider is the fiddle-shaped marking on the cephalothorax. The neck of the dark brown fiddle points toward the abdomen. Other than this marking, the brown recluse is a uniformly-colored light brown, with no stripes, spots, or bands of contrasting color. The violin marking is not a reliable identifying characteristic. Young L. recluses may lack the mark, and other Loxosceles species also display the fiddleback detail. Along with other Loxosceles species, brown recluses have six eyes, arranged in a semi-circle pattern of three pairs. This feature distinguishes Loxosceles spiders from most others, which commonly have eight eyes. The brown recluse lacks any stiff spines on its body but is covered with fine hairs. The only definitive way to identify the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, is to examine the genitalia. With a body size of just a quarter inch long, this requires a high magnification microscope. Suspected brown recluse spiders should be brought to your county extension agent for expert identification. Dietrs The brown recluse spider feeds at night, leaving the security of its web to search for food. Current research reveals the brown recluse is primarily a scavenger, feeding on dead insects it finds. The spider will also kill live prey when needed. Life Cycle Brown recluse spiders live about two years. The female lays up to 50 eggs at a time, encasing them in a silken sac. Most egg production occurs between May and July, and a single female may lay five times within a year. When the spiderlings hatch, they remain with the mother in her web until they have molted a few times. Over the first year of life, the spiderlings will molt up to seven times before reaching adulthood. Special Adaptations and Defenses Brown recluse spiders use short fangs to inject a cytotoxic venom into prey. When provoked, a brown recluse spider will bite, and this venom may cause necrotic wounds to the person or animal that has been bitten. Venom is not the brown recluses primary defense, however. As the name recluse suggests, this spider is quite timid and spends the daylight hours in retreat, usually in its web. By remaining inactive during the day, the brown recluse limits its exposure to possible threats. Habitat Brown recluses prefer dark, undisturbed areas with low moisture. In homes, the spiders find shelter in basements, storage closets, garages, and sheds. During the day, they may hide in cardboard boxes, folded clothing, or even shoes. Outdoors, brown recluse spiders are found beneath logs, in wood and lumber piles, or under loose rocks. Range The established range of the brown recluse spider is limited to U.S. states in the central Midwest, southward to the Gulf of Mexico. Rare and isolated encounters with brown recluse in areas outside of this range are attributed to interstate commerce. Brown recluse spiders may seek shelter in cardboard boxes, and make their way to places outside their known range in shipments of goods.

Wenxuecity. Chinese immigrants on-line community. Ethnical issues Dissertation

Wenxuecity. Chinese immigrants on-line community. Ethnical issues - Dissertation Example They were sent an invitation to participate in the study further through an interactive interview conducted through emails or instant messaging platforms of their choice. They were also asked the following questions in order to qualify them for the second criterion – that traditional media does not play a significant role in his daily life (Appendix B). Based on the responses to these questions, I selected twenty users who display the second criterion the most. That is, they exhibit interest in getting the latest updates about China, and the Chinese people and culture at large, and that they do not get this information from traditional media. Furthermore, they exhibit knowledge about the fifth question’s subject matter, not only through their actual subscriptions and affiliations, but through their expression of interest to get connected and develop deeper understanding. After twenty users were selected based on the criteria mentioned above, I proceeded to schedule the interactive interviews. These happened within a period of one month since the questions were sent one after another, the succeeding question mainly based on the previous answer. I also allowed the respondent during the time to deliver a meaningful personal account of experiences, and the flexibility to do it at his or her own pace. Data Analysis The method of analyzing data is to analyze the transcripts to discern patterns of responses. The patterns are ascertained by examining a series of coded utterances, with an eye towards data which fit the overall themes of the research at hand. What I found was that the respondents used the website for a variety of reasons, therefore the challenge was to ascertain under what theme the reasons fit. For instance, a common response from Respondents was that... Each of the members of the group stated that they felt the need to connect with other Chinese people, because they felt out of place in the current society, in one way or another. Under this theme were several sub-themes. One sub-theme was that the Chinese in this survey felt that they needed to bond with one another because they felt somehow at odds with American culture. Therefore, the question regarding this sub-theme is why do the Chinese feel at odds with American culture, and how does Wenxuecity help in combating these feelings? Another sub-theme was that Wenxuecity helps the Respondents is how does Wenxuecity help with this feeling of connectedness with their Chinese family and friends? These sub-themes are explored below. Feelings of disconnection with the larger culture, and how the Wenxuecity helps the Respondents feel connected to one another. One of the major themes which emerged is that the Respondents felt that they were not a part of the dominant culture, and they needed to feel a sense of connectedness with others, so this site is their way of feeling that they are a part of a community. Some of the Resondents, as, for instance, A, C, G, S, and T, state that they currently have friends who are American, along with those who are Chinese, yet they do not entirely relate to their American friends. G states that his American friends simply do not â€Å"get it† - in other words, they do not get what it means to be Chinese. There are different values, beliefs and backgrounds that the Respondents have from their American cohorts and friends, and that is simply something that cannot be bridged. The respondents state that they feel out of place in the dominant culture, despite the fact that some of the respondents have been here in American for many years.